ZincSearch基础查询示例

发布时间: 2025-04-08 10:45

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# ZincSearch基础查询示例

本文将通过实际示例，详细介绍ZincSearch的基础查询操作，帮助您快速掌握搜索功能的使用。

## 准备工作

### 1. 创建测试索引

```bash
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/index -d '{
  "name": "products",
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": { "type": "text" },
      "description": { "type": "text" },
      "price": { "type": "float" },
      "category": { "type": "keyword" },
      "tags": { "type": "keyword" }
    }
  }
}'
```

### 2. 添加测试数据

```bash
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/_bulk -d '
{"index": {"_index": "products", "_id": "1"}}
{"name": "智能手机", "description": "高性能5G手机", "price": 4999.00, "category": "电子产品", "tags": ["手机", "5G"]}
{"index": {"_index": "products", "_id": "2"}}
{"name": "笔记本电脑", "description": "轻薄商务本", "price": 6999.00, "category": "电子产品", "tags": ["电脑", "办公"]}
{"index": {"_index": "products", "_id": "3"}}
{"name": "无线耳机", "description": "蓝牙5.0降噪耳机", "price": 999.00, "category": "配件", "tags": ["耳机", "蓝牙"]}
'
```

## 基础查询

### 1. 全文搜索

```bash
# 搜索包含"手机"的商品
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "search_type": "match",
  "query": {
    "term": "手机",
    "field": "description"
  }
}'
```

### 2. 精确匹配

```bash
# 查找特定类别的商品
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "search_type": "term",
  "query": {
    "term": "电子产品",
    "field": "category"
  }
}'
```

### 3. 范围查询

```bash
# 查找特定价格区间的商品
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "search_type": "range",
  "query": {
    "field": "price",
    "gte": 1000,
    "lte": 5000
  }
}'
```

## 复合查询

### 1. 布尔查询

```bash
# 组合多个条件
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "search_type": "bool",
  "query": {
    "must": [
      {
        "term": "电子产品",
        "field": "category"
      }
    ],
    "should": [
      {
        "term": "5G",
        "field": "tags"
      }
    ],
    "must_not": [
      {
        "range": {
          "field": "price",
          "gt": 10000
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}'
```

### 2. 多字段查询

```bash
# 在多个字段中搜索
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "search_type": "multi_match",
  "query": {
    "term": "无线",
    "fields": ["name", "description"]
  }
}'
```

## 结果处理

### 1. 分页

```bash
# 使用分页获取结果
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "from": 0,
  "size": 10,
  "search_type": "match",
  "query": {
    "term": "电子"
  }
}'
```

### 2. 排序

```bash
# 按价格排序
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "sort": [
    {
      "field": "price",
      "order": "desc"
    }
  ],
  "search_type": "match_all"
}'
```

### 3. 高亮显示

```bash
# 高亮匹配内容
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "highlight": {
    "fields": ["description"],
    "pre_tags": ["<em>"],
    "post_tags": ["</em>"]
  },
  "search_type": "match",
  "query": {
    "term": "无线"
  }
}'
```

## 聚合分析

### 1. 分类统计

```bash
# 统计各个分类的商品数量
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "aggs": {
    "categories": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "category"
      }
    }
  }
}'
```

### 2. 价格分析

```bash
# 计算平均价格
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_search -d '{
  "aggs": {
    "avg_price": {
      "avg": {
        "field": "price"
      }
    }
  }
}'
```

## 查询优化

### 1. 性能优化

- 使用合适的查询类型
- 避免大范围的通配符查询
- 合理设置分页大小

### 2. 相关性优化

- 调整字段权重
- 使用同义词扩展
- 优化分词器配置

## 常见问题

1. 查询无结果
   - 检查查询语法
   - 验证字段名称
   - 确认数据存在

2. 性能问题
   - 优化查询结构
   - 调整索引配置
   - 使用缓存

## 调试技巧

### 1. 查看查询计划

```bash
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_explain -d '{
  "search_type": "match",
  "query": {
    "term": "手机"
  }
}'
```

### 2. 性能分析

```bash
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  http://localhost:4080/api/products/_profile -d '{
  "search_type": "match",
  "query": {
    "term": "手机"
  }
}'
```

## 最佳实践

1. 查询设计
   - 选择合适的查询类型
   - 优化查询结构
   - 注意性能影响

2. 结果处理
   - 合理使用分页
   - 适当排序
   - 结果缓存

3. 错误处理
   - 验证输入
   - 处理异常
   - 提供反馈

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